Carnivores

Humankind must learn to understand that the life of an animal is in no way less precious than our own.” “There may be days when I can’t help an animal in need, but the day will never come that I won’t try.” “Wildlife in the world can only be protected by the love of compassionate hearts in the world!”

About Carnivore

A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals. Sometimes carnivores are called predators. Organisms that carnivores hunt are called prey.

Carnivores are a major part of the food web, a description of which organisms eat which other organisms in the wild. Organisms in the food web are grouped into trophic, or nutritional, levels. There are three trophic levels. Autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food, are the first trophic level. These include plants and algae. Herbivores, organisms that eat plants and other autotrophs, are the second trophic level. Carnivores are the third trophic level. Omnivores, creatures that consume a wide variety of organisms from plants to animals to fungi, are also the third trophic level.

About Carnivore

Some carnivores specialize in hunting one type of organism.

  • Spongivores: mostly eat sea sponges. Many types of sea turtles are spongivores.
  • Vermivores: mostly eat worms. Birds such as snipes and kiwis are vermivores. They have long, narrow beaks for poking in the soil for worms.
  • Avivores: mostly eat birds. Many predatory birds, such as hawks and falcons, are avivores. They prey on smaller birds.
  • Ovivores: mostly eat eggs. Many snakes are ovivores.

Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)

Lions are one of the largest cats in the world. They live in southern and eastern parts of Africa. Lions are only social cats which live in groups called “prides”.

  1. Habit: Lives in groups called ‘Pride’ and lives in a matriarchal society.
  2. Habitat: Open grasslands or forests, including scrub jungles.
  3. Distribution: Indian lion is now restricted to Gir forest, Kathiawar (Gujarat).
  4. Activity: Diurnal
  5. Weight: Male – 150-260 kg, Female: 120 – 180 kg.
  6. Body length: 275 – 292 cm.
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef
  8. Sexual maturity: Female: 2.5 to 3 years & male: 3-4 years.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 115-120 days
  11. Litter size: 2-4 cubs
  12. Lifespan: 16-18 years
  13. Threat in wild: Poaching, habitat loss, flood, fires and epidemics.
  14. Conservation status: “Endangered” by IUCN.
  • Asiatic lions have a very unique longitudinal fold of skin that runs along their belly. This is absent in African lions.
  • A lion’s heels do not touch the ground when they walk.
  • If the tiger gets wounded, its saliva acts up as a herb. Its saliva is antiseptic and can prevent any infection.
  • The oldest Bengal Tiger fossil dates back 16,500 years, which was found in Sri Lanka.

Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris)

Tigers are the biggest cats in the world. There are 5 subspecies of tiger. All of them are critically endangered.

  1. Habit: Usually solitary and highly territorial.
  2. Habitat: Tropical rain forest, coniferous forest, dry forest and mangroves.
  3. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. 
  4. Activity: Nocturnal (Active during at night time)
  5. Weight: Male – 180-230 kg; Female: 140-180 kg.
  6. Body length: Male: 2.7-3.1 m; Female: 1.4-1.7 m; Tail: 85-95 cm.
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef.
  8. Sexual maturity: Female: 3 years & male: 3-4 years.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 95-112 days
  11. Litter size: 2-4 cubs 
  12. Lifespan: 16-18 years
  13. Threat in wild: Poaching, habitat loss, man-animal conflict.
  14. Conservation status: “Endangered” by IUCN.

White Tiger (Panthera tigris)

White Tigers are also known as white Bengal tigers. They are not albino nor a sub-species of tiger but actually are Bengal tigers with a genetic defect that expresses a different colour.

  1. Habit: Usually solitary and highly territorial.
  2. Habitat: Tropical rain forest, coniferous forest, dry forest and mangroves.
  3. Distribution: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. 
  4. Activity: Nocturnal (Active during at night time)
  5. Weight: Male – 180-230 kg; Female: 140-180 kg.
  6. Body length: Male: 2.7-3.1 m; Female: 1.4-1.7 m; Tail: 85-95 cm.
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef.
  8. Sexual maturity: Female: 3 years & male: 3-4 years.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 95-112 days
  11. Litter size: 2-4 cubs 
  12. Lifespan: 16-18 years
  13. Threat in wild: Poaching, habitat loss, man-animal conflict.
  14. Conservation status: “Endangered” by IUCN.
  • The first to be captured was caught in India in 1951 by Maharaja Martand Singh, who was the ruler of the state of Rewa at the time. The tiger was named Mohan and was exclusively used to breed more white tigers.

Difference between Leopard, Cheetah and Jaguar

  • Leopards rosettes in large numbers with a slightly different colour in side.
  • Octagonal very angular face
  • Oval eyes and square chin, more or less short skull
  • Triangular pinkish black nose
  • Cheetah have solid individual spots. Evenly distributes spots.
  • Square face and half circle shaped eyes.
  • Square chin, small head compared to body.
  • Big black dog like nose.
  • Jaguar rosettes are large and have spots in the centre.
  • Round face, bulging round cheeks.
  • Round or oval eyes and triangular pinkish black nose.
  • Round chin, skull ends for back.

Difference between Black Panther & Leopard

  • Panthers is not a distinct species; refers to dark coloured jaguars and leopards
  • Have shiny dark fur with emerald green eyes.
  • Found in America, Africa and Asia
  • Large than leopards
  • The hind legs are slightly longer and larger than front legs.
  •  
  • Leopards are a distinct species native to Africa and Asia.
  • Have yellowish brown thick fur with black spots.
  • Found in Africa and Southern Asia.
  • Short, stocky legs and a long tail.
  • A young / baby of a jungle cat is called a 'kitten'. The females are called 'queen' and males 'tom '. A jungle cat group is called a 'clowder, clutter, pounce, kindle (young), embarrassment (young).

Jungle cat (Felis chaus)

The jungle cat (Felis chaus), also called reed cat and swamp cat, is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia and southern China.

  1. Habit: Shelters on holes or under rocks under bushes, Solitary in nature.
  2. Habitat: Shelters on holes or under bushes, Solitary in nature.
  3. Activity: Nocturnal
  4. Distribution: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and southwestern China.
  5. Weight: 4 to 16 kg
  6. Length: 70 to 120 cm
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef 
  8. Sexual maturity: 1-1.2 years.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 55-65 days
  11. Litter size: 3-6 
  12. Lifespan: 12-15 years
  13. Threat in wild: Habitat loss, road accidents
  14. Conservation status: “Least concern” by IUCN.

Leopard (Panthera pardus)

Leopard is the most widespread member the cat family and one of the 5 “big cats” (together with tiger, jaguar, lion and snow leopard). There are 9 subspecies of leopard that are native to Africa and Asia.

  1. Habit: Solitary in nature.
  2. Habitat: Rain forest to desert terrain.
  3. Distribution: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Malaysia and China.
  4. Activity: Nocturnal and sometimes active during day time.
  5. Weight: Male: 37-91 kg; Female: 28-60 kg.
  6. Body length: 45-80 cm; Males are bigger than females.
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef 
  8. Sexual maturity: 2.5 -4 years.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 90-105 days
  11. Litter size: 2-4 cubs
  12. Lifespan: 18-20 years
  13. Threat in wild: Poaching, habitat loss, man-animal conflict.
  14. Conservation status: “Near threatened” by IUCN.
  • Leopards are as fast as a flash, clocking speeds of up to 60 km per hour. This is super-fast – although the cheetah runs faster, of course. They are also great leapers, able to leap up to 6 meters horizontally and 3 meters vertically.

  • Dholes are incredibly athletic. They are fast runners, excellent swimmers, and impressive jumpers. A dhole can jump over 2.1 meters (7 feet) straight up into the air.

Indian wild dog (Dhole) (Cuon alpinus)

Dhole is a type of Asian wild dog. It is also known as red dog or whistling dog. There are 11 subspecies of dholes that can be found in India, Korea, China, Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Java.

  1. Habitat: deciduous and evergreen forests, dense jungles, alpine savannas, grassland.
  2. Distribution: India, Korea, China, Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Java.
  3. Activity: Diurnal 
  4. Weight: 12 to 21 kg
  5. Length: Body length: 90cm; Tail: 40-45 cm.
  6. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef 
  7. Sexual maturity: 1-2 year.
  8. Breeding Season: September-November
  9. Gestation period: 2-2.5 months
  10. Lifespan: 12-15 years
  11. Threat in wild: Habitat loss. 
  12. Conservation status: “Endangered” by IUCN.

Palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphrodites)

Asian palm civet, also known as Toddy cat, is a type of small civet that can be found in South and Southeast Asia. Palm civet is a tawny grey or greyish brown animal; lined and streaked on back and croup; spotted more or less in rows along the flanks. 

  1. Habit: Shelters on holes or under rocks under bushes, Solitary in nature.
  2. Habitat: Scrub forests or long grassland out of forest habitat, terrestrial. 
  3. Distribution: Jammu & Kashmir, Assam, whole peninsula except the desert zones.
  4. Physical Description: Body length: Body – 60 cm, Tail – 60 cm.
  5. Body weight: 2.7 – 4.5 kg.   
  6. Activity: Nocturnal 
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef.
  8. Sexual maturity: 1 year.
  9. Breeding Season: Throughout the year
  10. Gestation period: 90 days
  11. Litter size: 4-5
  12. Lifespan: 10-12 years
  13. Threat in wild: Habitat loss, road accidents.
  14. Conservation status: “Least concern” by IUCN.
  • Kopi Luwak is a type of coffee made of coffee beans that passed through digestive system of Asian palm civet (extracted from its feces). With a price of 100 dollars per pound, Kopi Luwak is one of the most expensive types of coffee in the world.

  • Hyenas have been on Earth for 24 million years.
  • A hyena’s heart is twice as large as that of similar-sized mammals.
  • The mongoose and the meerkat are the hyena’s closest relatives.

Stripe hyena (Hyaena)

Hyenas are neither members of the dog nor the cat family. They are unique, and so have their own family: Hyaenidae.

  1. Habit: Generally considered as solitary; associate in small family groups inside den.
  2. Habitat: Low hills and ravines; prefers a cave amongst rocks in the side of hills and ravines.
  3. Distribution: India, South-western Asia and northern Africa.
  4. Activity: Nocturnal
  5. Weight: Male: 25-41 kg; Female: 25-34 kg.
  6. Body length: about 150 cm.
  7. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef
  8. Sexual maturity: 2-3 year.
  9. Breeding Season: Winter
  10. Gestation period: 90-95 days
  11. Litter size: 2-4 cubs
  12. Lifespan: 20-25 years
  13. Threat in wild: Deforestation, Habitat loss. 
  14. Conservation status: “Low risk” by IUCN.

Indian grey wolf (Canis lupus)

Wolf is the largest member of the canine (dog) family. This large carnivore lives in North America, Eurasia and North Africa. There are two species of wolves: grey wolf and red wolf.

  1. Habit: Terrestrial
  2. Habitat: arctic tundra to forest, prairie, and arid landscapes.
  3. Activity: Diurnal 
  4. Distribution: Southern Central Mexico, northern Africa, and southern Asia.
  5. Weight: 23-80 kg.
  6. Body length: 82-130 cm.
  7. Diet in Captivity:  Chicken & Beef.
  8. Sexual maturity: 2-3 year.
  9. Breeding Season: Dec-Feb 
  10. Gestation period: 60-65 days
  11. Lifespan: 15-20 years
  12. Threat in wild: Deforestation, Habitat loss.
  13. Conservation status: “Least concern” by IUCN.
  • Indian wolves play a significant part in the Rudyard Kipling series ‘The Jungle Book’, where the human child Mowgli is raised by a pack of these canids.
  • Indian wolves are the smallest wolves.They only grow to 3 feet, have a shorter coat, and howl rarely compared to other wolves.
  • The Japanese word for wolf means “great god.” Ookami is the Japanese word for wolf. This also translates to “great god” in the same language.
  • Each jackal family has their own yipping sound that only members of their own family respond to.

Golden Jackals (Canis aureus)

Jackal is a member of a canine family. It can be found in Africa, Middle East, India and South-eastern parts of the Europe. There are three species of jackals: Golden jackal, Side-striped jackal and Black-backed jackal.

  1. Habit: Solitary but sometimes packs are also formed.
  2. Habitat: Jackals can survive in deserts, savannahs, grasslands, marshes, bush-lands, woodlands and mountains.
  3. Activity: Nocturnal
  4. Distribution: South-eastern Europe, South-western Asia throughout India and Sri Lanka.
  5. Weight: 8-10 kg.
  6. Body length: 60-75 cm; tail: 20-27 cm.
  7. Height (at shoulder): 38-43 cm.
  8. Diet in Captivity: Chicken & Beef.
  9. Sexual maturity: 1-2 year.
  10. Breeding Season: Any time of the year 
  11. Gestation period: 60-65 days
  12. Litter size: 2-4 
  13. Lifespan: 12-15 years
  14. Threat in wild: Deforestation, Habitat loss.
  15. Conservation status: “Least concern” by IUCN.